Search Results: Sakya
The Sakya (sa skya) tradition was founded by Khon Konchog Gyalpo (’khon dkon mchog rgyal po) in 1073, a date marked by his founding of Sakya temple in the Sakya valley in Tsang. Konchog Gyalpo’s son Sachen Kunga Nyingpo (sa chen kun dga’ snying po) combined his Khon family’s lineage of Yangdak and Vakrakila, which his ancestor Khon Lui Wangpo (’khon klu’i dbang po) received during the Imperial era, with new teachings. These include the Sakya Lojong (blo sbyong) teachings of the Shenpa Shidrel (zhan pa bzhi bral), obtained in a vision of Manjushri, and the Lamdre (lam ’bras) teachings that are based on the Hevajra tantra. The Sakya Lamdre teachings were transmitted by the Indian Mahasiddha Virupa via a long line of teachers to the Tibetan yogin Shangton Chobar (zhang ston chos ’bar), who transmitted them to Sachen. Sachen also received Chakrasamvara, Vajrabhairava, the Vajrayogini of Naropa, and Panjarnata Mahakala from Mal Lotsawa Lodro Dragpa (mal lo tsa ba blo gros grags pa). Sachen’s two sons, Sonam Tsemo (bsod names rtse mo) and Drakpa Gyaltsen (grags pa rgyal mtshan) were the next to lead the temple. Trakpa Gyaltsen’s nephew, Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen (sa skya paN Di ta kun dka’ rgyal mtshan), one of the greatest scholars of his day, was the fourth in the lineage. The fifth was Sakya Pandita’s nephew, Pakpa Lodro Gyaltsen (’phags pa blo gros rgyal mtshan), who traveled with his uncle when the Mongolian leader Godem Khan summoned him. In 1253 Pakpa met Qubilai Khan, who three years later conquered China and initiated the Yuan Dynasty. Borrowing from Tangut-Kagyu alliance of the previous century, Qubilai and Pakpa entered into a relationship of “patron and priest,” with Pakpa being made guoshi, or Imperial Preceptor. With Mongolian support, the Sakya Khon family ruled Tibet until the rise of the Pagmodru Dynasty in the middle of the fourteenth century. Two important subsects of Sakya are the Ngor (ngor), founded by Ngorchen Kunga Zangpo (ngor chen kun dga’ bzang po) and based at Ngor Evam Choden (ngor e waM chos ldan) monastery, and Tsar (tshar), established by Tsarchen Losal Gyatso (tshar chen blo gsal rgya mtsho) and based at Dar Drangmoche (’dar grang mo che). The Ngor tradition became influential in the dissemination of the Sakya tantric teachings, and the Tsarpa in the esoteric transmission known as the Lobshe (slob bshad), which contrasts to the more widely taught Tsogshe (tshogs bshad), both being teaching traditions of the Lamdre. Several institutions that originated independently came under the Sakya doctrinal tradition: Jonang (jo nang), Bodong (bo dong), and Bulug / Shalu (bu lugs / shwa lu).